Simple face masks consist of a clear plastic mask designed to fit over the nose and mouth and have a valveless oxygen inlet. Nasal cannulas have the advantage of being easily used in acute situations and while feeding.įace masks are classified as simple, partial rebreathing, nonrebreathing and air entrainment (Venturi). Clinical practice guidelines recommend maximum nasal cannula flow of 2 Lpm in infants as higher rates can cause an inadvertent continuous positive airway pressure effect. The actual FiO 2 delivered is influenced by the patient’s respiratory rate, tidal volume and inspiratory flow. The approximate FiO 2 delivered is calculated by the formula FiO 2 = 20% + (4 x O 2 flow in Lpm). The traditional nasal cannula is a low flow device that can deliver 1 to 6 Lpm and 22 to 42% FiO 2. Gas flow rates of 10 to 15 Lpm allow an FiO 2 of 0.8 to 0.9 to be achieved. Use of the tent limits patient movement and caretaker access and is rarely used in modern management of mild increased oxygen requirements.Īn oxygen hood is a clear plastic shell that surrounds the patient’s head. A tent is recommended for FiO 2 requirements less than 30 %. Tents require inspiratory flow rates of 10 to 20 Lpm and deliver an FiO 2 of 0.4 to 0.5. High flow systems do not utilize room air because the flow rate is able to meet the inspiratory flow requirements of the patient while the low flow systems include room air because their rate of oxygen flow is insufficent to fulfill the patient’s inspiratory requirements.Īn oxygen tent consists of a clear plastic enclosure that contains the child’s upper or entire body. These devices are classified as either high flow or low flow systems and can be for hospital or home use. There are several devices that deliver supplemental oxygen and increased airflow whose selection depends upon the patient’s oxygen requirements and their ability to reliably tolerate the devices. What are the methods of delivering oxygen in a nonventilated patient?
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